第三周隨堂筆記



( 合併後)隨堂筆記(三) 2013.10.17 

Outline: 

 Ø     上課重點

 Ø     上課 心得

 Ø     作業1.核鑑識現場作業程序 、核鑑識分析及國際核鑑識案例分析

 Ø     <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:標楷體">作業2.推薦與鑑識科技相關app，簡介及其示範 、運用？

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo18"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings"> Ø     <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:標楷體">相關資料一:髒彈

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo18"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings"> Ø     <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:標楷體">相關資料二:ＤＲＡＧＯＮＦＩＲＥ

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo18"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings"> Ø     <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:標楷體">相關資料三:Netherlands Forensic (

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo18"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings"> Ø     <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:標楷體">相關資料四:東京地鐵沙林毒氣事件

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo18"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings"> Ø     <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:標楷體">相關資料五:防毒金絲雀相關報導

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:標楷體">上課重點: 

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體">一、助教：

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   1. <span style="font-family:標楷體">上課筆記優良範例：條列式、表格、紅色標重點.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   2. <span style="font-family:標楷體">針對不同題目寫心得.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體">二、老師：

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   ( <span style="font-family:標楷體">一) 同學提問

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   1. <span style="font-family:標楷體">「剝臉皮案」由嫌犯褲子上葉子證明嫌犯到過現場.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   2. <span style="font-family:標楷體">化骨水目前不會有. (因為分解身體不同組成部位的藥劑是不同的)

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   3. <span style="font-family:標楷體">同卵雙胞胎ＤＮＡ相同但抗體抗原不同.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   4. <span style="font-family:標楷體">車落水，手搖桿無法將車窗搖開，電動鈕亦無法.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   5. <span style="font-family:標楷體">警察具備現場辦案資格，要經三等特考，相關研究所.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   6. <span style="font-family:標楷體">屍體在不同溫度，腐敗的情形不同→冰過頭顱從外觀研判死亡時間不準.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   7. <span style="font-family:標楷體">超完美謀殺案可能嗎？

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">       <span style="font-family:標楷體">凡是犯罪必定會有遺漏的地方

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體">　    辦案者主要「懂」或「不懂」，若能對鑑識方法更為了解且知道如何應用與

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">      <span style="font-family:標楷體">變通，破案會變得相對簡單.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   8. <span style="font-family:標楷體">警察大學有鑑識科 / 法務部的鑑識科不須有警大的資歷即可靠高考進入

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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   ( <span style="font-family:標楷體">二) 鑑識科學新知

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   <span style="font-family:標楷體">＊ ＧＯＯＧＬＥ　ＧＯＧＧＬＥＳ

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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">       1. <span style="font-family:標楷體">掃描照片，程式會主動辨識圖中特徵物及專有名詞，並上網搜尋相關資

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">        <span style="font-family:標楷體">料與翻譯.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">      2. <span style="font-family:標楷體">分享偵查後的結果，會上傳至雲端，可和相關使用人士進行分享與交流.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">    <span style="font-family:標楷體">＊ 很多人不願被解剖，可否有其他方法了解死亡情形？

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;color:red">    <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體">    1. MRI <span style="font-family:標楷體;color:red">、CT <span style="font-family:標楷體">：藉由電子掃描的方式建立立體影像，可在模擬出的3D影像中

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">                <span style="font-family: 標楷體">研究傷口、疾病. 優點是「 非破壞式鑑定方法 」，大體完整，若

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">                <span style="font-family: 標楷體">是發現尚有疑慮可以進行重複的影像掃描，另外掃描的檔案是

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">                 <span style="font-family:標楷體">電子檔，可以利用網路傳到他處讓專家鑑定並且進行匯整、討

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">                <span style="font-family: 標楷體">論.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">      2. <span style="font-family:標楷體">現今解剖： 破壞式鑑定方法.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">    <span style="font-family:標楷體">＊ ＲＥＡＬＩＴＹ　ＣＡＰ 軟體 (IPHONE系統) 可直接拍後測量大小.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">    <span style="font-family:標楷體">＊ 手機檢測皮膚與食物健康軟體. 可用來照 屍斑 ，利用屍斑的顏色來推測死

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">       <span style="font-family:標楷體">亡時間.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">    <span style="font-family:標楷體">＊ 臀部辨識＞＞汽車防盜. （重量、位置、形狀、重心經過分析之後，可以

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">       <span style="font-family:標楷體">轉換成特殊的密碼，藉此來應用到車主的辨識系統. ）

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">       <span style="font-family:標楷體">此裝置目前日本已經有相關的應用.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   ( <span style="font-family:標楷體">三) 超完美謀殺案

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">    <span style="font-family:標楷體">＊前俄羅斯間諜＋阿拉法特＞＞鐠２１０昂貴，可能要國家才有辦法取得.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">    <span style="font-family:標楷體">＊北京清華學生朱令：鉈中毒

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">    <span style="font-family:標楷體">＊蘭嶼輻射ＶＳ清大輻射外洩

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">      <span style="font-family:標楷體">如何防範碘１３１被吸收？ 先 吃碘片 ，當碘的結合位都已經飽滿，便不會

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">      <span style="font-family:標楷體">和碘131結合造成中毒.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">      <span style="font-family:標楷體">如何偵測？ 輻射偵檢器 可檢測每處背景值

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">      <span style="font-family:標楷體">＞＞ 有些放射物質無法用一般儀器偵測.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">      <span style="font-family:標楷體">＞＞ 攜帶型，現今亦有配合ｉｐｈｏｎｅ使用產品.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">           <span style="font-family:標楷體">日本在311事件之後，已經有多種產品上市，包括含輻射檢測功能的

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">           <span style="font-family:標楷體">手錶等等.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">    <span style="font-family:標楷體">＊日本地鐵毒氣事件：要如何判斷此處是否有毒氣外洩？或者是否會有危

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">      <span style="font-family:標楷體">險？ → 防毒面具絕對不是外能，正確建議方法為帶「 金絲雀 」. 因為金絲

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">              <span style="font-family: 標楷體">雀的肺活量較小，若是金絲雀出現異常表示此處有危險，此時人

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">              <span style="font-family: 標楷體">員往回撤退還來的及(因為此時環境尚不會對人產生負面影響).

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">               ( <span style="font-family: 標楷體;color:#4BACC6">補充資料 <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">)

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">

<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">  <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">

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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:標楷體;color:red">（ＮＵＣＬＥＡＲ　ＦＯＲＥＮＳＩＣＳ）

<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;color:red">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:12.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;color:red">( <span style="font-family: 標楷體;color:red">四) 核鑑識 <span style="font-family: 標楷體">原子科學和鑑識科學的跨領域整合.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5"><span style="font-family:標楷體">＊ 爆炸後的 碎片有指紋及ＤＮＡ 可進行採證，並且透過這些碎片來追蹤炸彈

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:3.0"><span style="font-family:標楷體">的來源. （採證為重）

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5"><span style="font-family:標楷體">＊ 髒彈（輻射彈） 爆炸候威力才展開，因為每塊碎片都會散出輻射.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5"><span style="font-family:標楷體">＊ 盲點：台灣無應變措施. 無配套措施 及 核鑑識標準作業流程.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體">　　　　（針對輻射事故需有明確處理規範. ）

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體">　　　　現今 只會除汙 ， 不會採證.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">         <span style="font-family:標楷體">改善方式：由國外團隊及取經驗

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">    <span style="font-family:標楷體">＊ IAEA：內有和保安相關叢書，大陸譯有簡體字版本的核法証學可供下載.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:60.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:5.0"><span style="font-family:標楷體">內容有相關如何處裡和偵查核安問題的方法與正確步驟，並提供核鑑

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:60.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:5.0"><span style="font-family:標楷體">識的現場處理圖，這些都異於正常地處理步驟.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5"><span style="font-family:標楷體">＊ ＤＲＡＧＯＮＦＩＲＥ：有合理資訊顯示恐怖份子帶髒彈到紐約. 美國重

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">                        <span style="font-family:標楷體">要幹部撤離皆撤離首都. （ 補充資料 ）

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5"><span style="font-family:標楷體">＊ 鑑識科學解決保安 （Ｃ－１４定年法）同步輻射光束可作超微量分析.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5"><span style="font-family:標楷體">＊ 現今以ＴＯＰ　ＳＥＣＲＥＴ方式＞＞越多人知道大家不會怕.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5"><span style="font-family:標楷體">＊ 國際間核鑑識案例. （ 補充資料 ）

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5"><span style="font-family:標楷體">＊ 核安的威脅：台灣不會是攻擊目標，但有些罪犯會將台灣當作 運輸的中繼

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;color:red">               <span style="font-family: 標楷體;color:red">站 <span style="font-family:標楷體">，故台灣仍需有足夠的核安知識與相關應變措施.

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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   ( <span style="font-family:標楷體">五) <span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:red">羅卡交換原理（Ｌｏｃａｒｄ Ｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅ Ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅ）

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">    <span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">＊ 法國犯罪學家埃德蒙.羅卡（Dr. Edmond Locard，1877 – 1966）：「當兩

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">       <span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">個物體發生接觸時，產生相互轉移作用，使得其中一物體上之物質轉移至

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:3.0"><span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">另一物體上」. ＊ 美國鑑識科學之父Paul博士進一步說明該原理為：「嫌犯不可能不遺留證

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">      <span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">據在犯罪現場，以及帶走原本於現場的證據」.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">    <span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">＊ 舉例： <span style="font-family:標楷體">黑白車擦撞卻留藍色烤漆？ → 假車禍.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">   ( <span style="font-family:標楷體">六) 開車門使騎士撞上的案例已不勝枚舉，如何安全的開車門？

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;color:red">      <span style="font-family:標楷體; color:red">用「遠離門把」的手開 <span style="font-family:標楷體">，上身被迫向後轉，強迫自己注意後方情況後，再

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">      <span style="font-family:標楷體">開車門.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">      <span style="font-family:標楷體">突然開車門 年奪五命重創三千人（２０１２）.

<p class="MsoNormal">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:標楷體">（資料來源：https://www.google.com.tw/search?q=%E9%81%A0%E9%9B%A2%E6%89%8B%E6%8A%8A%E7%9A%84%E6%89%8B%E9%96%8B%E8%BB%8A%E9%96%80&espv=210&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=bW9hUuOIH8qCkQXh6YHwCQ&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=637&dpr=1#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=_09reumXC8h3aM%3A%3BdLQsQ7lNSb-pBM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fe.blog.xuite.net%252Fe%252F5%252Fc%252Fb%252F11688571%252Fblog_840904%252Ftxt%252F64662480%252F15.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fblog.xuite.net%252Fjin117%252Fblog%252F64662480-%2525E6%252595%252591%2525E4%2525BD%2525A0%2525E4%2525B8%252580%2525E5%252591%2525BD%2525E7%25259A%252584%2525E8%2525A1%25258C%2525E8%2525BB%25258A%2525E6%25258A%252580%2525E5%2525B7%2525A7%3B804%3B809 ）

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:60.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體">( <span style="font-family:標楷體">補) 日本地鐵毒氣事件.

<p class="MsoNormal">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:red;background:#F9F9F9">小傳馬町站 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;background:#F9F9F9">是毒氣事件中死亡人數最多的地鐵站

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;background:#F9F9F9">（資料來源： <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"">http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%9C%B0%E9%90%B5%E6%B2%99%E6%9E%97%E6%AF%92%E6%B0%A3%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6 <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;background:#F9F9F9">)

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;background:#F9F9F9">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:標楷體">上課 心得: 

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體">趙瑜：

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">      <span style="font-family:標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">如何開車門 <span style="font-family:標楷體">這個小技巧是我這堂課收穫最大的知識，以前爸爸總會逼迫我們要先向後看兩眼再開車門，然而我們都嫌麻煩，也很難養成習慣. 騎車後了解危險性便開始會注意到這點，好幾次在路上也都差點被突然開門的人撞到. 將心比心，學到此方式非常實用. 此外，看到路上雞排都被撞出來的畫面非常怵目驚心. 跟交通事故有關的議題我都很有興趣，希望老師能多提，因為實在太常發生，也太切身相關了. 尤其昨日，我弟弟的同學（朋友）才在路上被連結車追撞死亡，全臉被碾碎，聽到消息非常震撼.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體">施懿娟：

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">     <span style="font-family:標楷體">我真的很喜歡老師每次教的小技巧，因為這些可以幫助別人的小知識是有備無患，以前真的覺得不管別人就推車門的人很白目會害人受傷，沒想到有人會因此死亡!怪別人的同時卻也沒想到因應方法，謝謝老師的小技巧，如果有更多人知道應該就能降低意外發生的機會了吧！另外!我覺得急救人員到現場帶金絲雀這件事超酷的，以前都不知道!

<p class="MsoNormal">'''<span style="font-family:標楷體;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">最後想問老師一個問題: 關於化骨水，因為老師說只能化骨或化肉，不能同時融解，那有沒有辦法一個階段一個階段來呢?就是先把肉融化- '<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:標楷體;mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;mso-hansi-font-family:標楷體;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow; mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings"> à '<span style="font-family:標楷體;background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">把骨頭融化，感覺要是有心應該可以做得到只是很耗時間而已. '''

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">郭洸廷：

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">     <span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">這堂課的主要收穫可分成三個部分：核鑑識領域的相關知識、非破壞性鑑定方式及如何保護自己等等. 在如何保護自己的部分，利用「金絲雀」作為偵測工具真的是我從未想過的方法，使我感到十分新奇，但真的很實用也很有道理，剛好前幾天在看沉默之丘，發現裡面的偵察部隊也是隊長會帶著一隻金絲雀，當他們一發現金絲雀開始焦躁並出現異常時，他們便隨即撤退了，這段劇情讓我想到了老師上課的內容；關於開車門的部分其實從小便已經養成好習慣，但這就像是個口訣一樣，我想以後我教導我的小孩子時我便會直接要他們養成用遠離門把的手來開車門的習慣，而不是只是一直囉嗦地叫他們注意後方狀況了，因為提醒會忘記，但是動作會變成下意識行為.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">林子訓：

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">     <span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">這堂課我學到了一些有關核鑑識的一些基本常識，科技日新月異的同時，犯罪手法也層層翻新，不管是新的犯罪方法，或是新的犯罪器材，將越來越多，而犯罪現場就是犯罪人員與偵查人員的鬥志以及鬥力，而核子武器是一項殺傷力極大的武器，如果能在事前預防，必能避免重大傷亡的發生，假如不幸發生了，和件事也能判斷找出真兇，並將兇手繩之以法.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">￭ <span style="font-family:標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">研判案件：溺斃（水淺）、碎指、拖鞋掉落、被農民發現.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-char-indent-count: -1.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">   <span style="font-family:標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">以下由網路上找到的老師ｐｐｔ轉貼：（ｇｏｏｇｌｅ關鍵字：碎指命案tguide.nc.hcc.edu.tw/tguide/data/studyup/201301100903052.pdf ‎ <span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">）

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">   <span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">＊ 案例討論:碎指命案

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">    案發時間：八十四年元月十二日

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">    案發地點：新竹市牛埔南路

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">    勘察重點：從血跡形態分析與現場重建，研判自、他殺.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">    案情摘要：農夫凌晨六時左右，在水深及膝的灌溉小池塘中發現有人陳屍

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">                <span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">池中（臉朝下），他將屍體扶上地面（臉朝上），報警處理.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">   <span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">＊ 被害者身份鑑定：身體上可供鑑別之特徵或檢體

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">     <span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">指紋、牙醫記錄、身高/體重、X光記錄、外觀特徵、身體上特徵、腳紋、

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">     <span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">族群/   性別/年齡、血型/ DNA型、毛髮、美容/整型特徵、紋身、胎記、

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">     <span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">手術疤痕.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">   <span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">＊ 個人推判：

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">趙瑜：

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">     <span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">若是溺斃，應是生前落水. 然而水淺，除非死者神智不清（有酒精或藥物

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">反應），才有可能溺水. 當然也有可能是夜晚視線不良，然而手指是碎骨，推測可能與人打鬥，被人壓進水底，手指被器械用斷而無法反抗溺死.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">施懿娟：

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">     <span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">我個人倒是覺得死者是因為手受傷想去洗手或者想親近水才靠近小池塘的，否則拖鞋應該不會放在岸上，然後不幸溺水，但由於手指受傷所以無法自救造成憾事.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">郭洸廷：

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">     <span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">我個人判斷是死後落水，因為老師有說依血跡判斷該處為第一現場且沒有被破壞，而且他的拖鞋是掉落在池塘的邊邊角角，我認為應該是殺人後想要偽裝成自殺.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">林子訓：

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">     <span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">我個人判定是意外，可能是手指受傷後暈倒，不小心掉落水中，最後導致失血過多而死，而且犯罪現場血跡完整，鞋子也沒有被移動過的痕跡.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:標楷體">作業: <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:9.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan">'''<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-font-kerning:0pt">1. <span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-font-kerning:0pt">核鑑識現場(以輻射彈為例)處置作業程序 、核鑑識分析及國際核鑑識案例分析 '''

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo6">'''<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria"> 1. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"">Nuclear Forensic site '''

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd">Reference: IAEA Nuclear Security Series No.2'<span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">─ Nuclear Forensics Support

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd">http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1241_web.pdf

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本書第三章探討核鑑識的分析，以下條列式說明書中要點：

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo11"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">       Securing an incident site '<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">三大核心目標 ' 

<p class="MsoNormal">

<p class="MsoNormal"> 

<p class="MsoNormal"> 

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo11"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">事件小組（ ' Incident Investigation Team '<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">） <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">除了指揮官（ Incident Commander <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">）外，需有一名核鑑識專家和一名執法鑑識專家. 兩方各自代表蒐集核證物（重要性大於人命）和維護人民、環境安全（重要性大於抓到犯人）. 指揮官在兩方極端的專業意見下，做出最恰當的核鑑識現場決策. 下圖為戰略小組成員架構：

<p class="MsoNormal">

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo11"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">為避免毀壞和汙染證物，指揮官須做出合法的時間序列以蒐集、執行現場調查. （例如：現場場景拍照）

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo11"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">現場分析 ' On-Site Analysis '<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">： <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">軍械處理人員先配備爆炸維安裝置（例：手提 X- <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">光偵測儀，偵查潛在的爆裂物；在不破壞證物下， gamma <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">射線和中子探測儀先行辨別放射物類別）. 確認安全後，始放行核鑑識人員.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo11;background:white"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可向  IAEA <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">（ <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">International Atomic Energy Agency<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">國際原子能機構） <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">或  INFL <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">（ International Nuclear Forensics Laboratory <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">國際核鑑識實驗室）要求支援（例：醫療救護、監控、還原現場）.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo11;background:white"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">放射性評估小組（ Radiological Assessment Team <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）透過電網系統（ Grid System <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）定位放射性物證，繪出現場圖 ( <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">羅盤方位和 GPS <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">座標 ) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">並標的出輻射安全範圍. 若輻射劑量過高，則工作人員調整為志願制（國家應如何保護工作人員後續健康問題等，在書中亦有提到，但是太過詳細不在這裡列出，請參考第 16 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">頁）.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo11;background:white"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">採集放射型物證：若為完整裝在鉛容器內，則小心地移除該容器並採集剩餘的傳統物證；反之，若放射性物質為滿地碎片式，現場調查人員（ Incident Investigation officers <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）以正確工具，將放射性物證自非放射性物體（土壤、草地、葉片）採集，且遵照「寧可取得過多非物證，也不要錯過任何的放射性物證. 」

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo11;background:white"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">搜證工具 ' (Collection Apparatus) '<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">： 

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:48.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo12;background:white"> (1)          <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">固體樣本：採用抹刀 (Spatula) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">和鏟子 (Shovel) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">舀起，並避免不同物證、地域的交互汙染. 此外，物證塑膠袋 (Plastic Bag) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">須明確標明 ( <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">時間、地點 ) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:48.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo12;background:white"> (2)          <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">液體樣本：用吸管 (Pipette) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">或注射器 (Syringe) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">裝置塑膠瓶 (Plastic Bottle) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">中. 若為大量液體，採用工業濕真空機 (Industrial Wet Vacuum) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:48.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l17 level1 lfo13;background:white"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings"> Ø     <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搜證工具用完後須淨化或是當放射性廢料處理.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:48.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l17 level1 lfo13;background:white"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings"> Ø     Alpha <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">和 Beta <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">物質可放在塑膠容器中，但強 Beta <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">和 Gamma <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">放射物質需用鉛容器裝置.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:48.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l17 level1 lfo13;background:white"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings"> Ø     <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">無法移動且大型物證 ( <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">建築物、車 ) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，可用 ”SWIPE” <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">─過濾物質，可蒐集表面顆粒，或是 ”Sticky Tape” <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，但是此一舉動可能會銷毀傳統物證，因此指揮官須審慎考量.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo14;background:white"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">蒐集傳統物證： 

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:48.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo15;background:white"> (1)          ' Step 1 '<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">： <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">具有羅盤方位和 GPS <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">座標的精確的現場圖，其需指出各證據地點、放射性擴散程度、警戒線和控制區域.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:48.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo15;background:white"> (2)          ' Step 2 '<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">： <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">傳統物證通常與核物證交互汙染，因此調查人員依時間、距離和屏蔽來減少放射和有毒物的擴散.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo14;background:white"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">最終調查和開放現場 ' (Final Survey and Release of Scene) '<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">： <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">最終確認沒有遺漏、忽略任何隱藏、潛在的地方和證據. 攝影人員應拍下最後現場的景象. 指揮官交接給適宜的當權機構.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo14;background:white"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">物證暫存區 ' (Evidence Holding Site) '<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">： <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">依據地方法規和核鑑識實驗室流程，在運送時程中可能會需要中繼站 (Intermediate Storage Facility or Holing Site) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，該地點須有維安和保存放射性物質的條件. 固體物證可在此先行 X- <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">光、 gamma <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">射線光譜儀掃描.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo14;background:white"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">物證運送 ' (Transportation of Evidence) '<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">： <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">注意 Safety <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、 Security <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、 Preservation of Evidence <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">並符合國際運送包裝.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo6">'''<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria"> 2. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"">Nuclear Forensic analysis '''

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd">Reference: IAEA Nuclear Security Series No.2'<span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">─ Nuclear Forensics Support

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd">http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1241_web.pdf

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本書第五章探討核鑑識的分析，以下條列式說明書中要點：

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo5"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">與傳統的鑑識科學相異處在於分析證據時，會消耗掉部分該證據，因此選擇分析手法是相當重要的.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo5"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      Characterization<span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">（分類） <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">： major, minor, trace constituents

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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri">分類並不包含傳統的鑑識或反應爐模擬和資料庫搜尋，而是包含物理分類（ physical characterization<span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri">），其作法為在高倍率下使用電子顯微鏡掃描以取得固體樣本的尺寸、粒度（ Particle size<span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri">）和粉末形狀分佈.

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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo7"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">解讀（ Interpretation<span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">） <span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">：比對分析資料和製造放射性元素方法和來源、禁止核元素的過往資料

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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri">在未來，突破技術門檻，在取得核元素製造的位置和方法中，得到具可結合和可信的結果，並發展及應用其相關工具.

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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo8"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">歸因（ Attribution<span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）： <span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">結合放射性和傳統的證據來得出：起源、製造方法、剩餘元素存在的機率、運送路線、監管失效的原因.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo8"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">工具（ Available Tools<span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">） 

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l13 level1 lfo9"> (1)          Bulk Analysis Tools <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">整體分析工具： <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">幫助鑑識人員分類元素和同位素、量化追蹤成分─決定哪個時間點武器被釋放、是否釋放到中子通量

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l13 level1 lfo9"> (2)          Imaging Tools <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">圖像工具： <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">提供高解析的圖像或地圖，來決定樣本同質或異質化. 不同於整體分析工具為整合的大面向結果，圖像工具捕捉空間和紋理的異質性.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l13 level1 lfo9"> (3)          Micro Analysis Tools <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">微觀分析工具： <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">當圖像工具確認樣本為異質性時，微觀分析工具會定量地分類個體成分，使之成為各個整體樣本. 表面分析工具（ Surface analysis tools<span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）亦為微觀分析之一，功能為偵測表面污染物或量測薄表面的成分.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo10"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">技術與方法的序列（ Sequencing of Techniques and Methods<span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）： <span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">當核鑑識實驗室收到證據後，如何效率高且有效地安排技術和檢驗方法，在保持證物不被檢驗手法和時間消耗、且快速地得出有效的結果，為序列的重要課題. 以下附上書中說明在各階段應做的 SOP<span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">圖表.

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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo6">'''<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria"> 3. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"">International Nuclear Forensic case study '''

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"">Reference '<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria">： '<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"">Nuclear Forensics '<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria">─ '<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"">capabilities, Limits, and the “CSI Effect” 

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd">http://www.princeton.edu/~aglaser/talk2008_forensics.pdf

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">綜合以下三件核子新聞，擷取出部分相關研究數據：

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo10"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"">Undeclared plutonium separation in North Korea (from samples taken in 1992)

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo10"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"">HEU particles on Iranian centrifuges (discovered in June 2003)

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo10"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"">HEU particles on aluminum tubing found in North Korea (revealed in July 2008)

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo10"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria">核取證的技術基礎 <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif"">(The Technical Basis of Nuclear Forensics)

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:24.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0gd; text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo10"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings">      <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif""> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">上面三張圖……完全不知所云，不過從圖可以得知爆炸過後、不同的同位素比率會進而影響重量，第四張圖對於外行人來說較可以直觀地看出，在生產高濃縮鈾的同時，會產生環境變化，圖中為使用二次離子質譜儀得到的微米影像.

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">以前補習班老師說過，大學考試「學測」不同於「指考」的一點：在有限的時間內快速地做出對該事件最高價值的決策. 這有點抽象，因此他舉了一個例子，當病患送至急診室時，缺少能夠在短時間內迅速判斷該病患的疾病，應送至何科目交予專業醫護人員治療的診斷醫生. 這名醫生應具備相關的通盤基礎專業，其專業不至於最頂尖的治療，但須在和時間賽跑的巨大壓力下做出最有利的判斷. 而學測就是挑選出台灣具備這種特質的學生，指考則是篩選出能夠在獨門的專業領域中出類拔萃. 至於政府的美意和接下來真實教改下的執行成果如何就見仁見智了……

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">這份IAEA出版的核鑑識指南書，裡頭所提及的核鑑識小組領導人─指揮官(Incident Commander)便與上述的診斷醫生具有相同概念. 核事件發生後，如何保留隨時間變化(衰變)的核物證，如何能不破壞傳統物證情況下蒐集所有的核物證，和如何在政府、媒體以及人民各方面利益中取得平衡……等等重要課題都是指揮官考量核事件小組內各專業人員的建議後做出的決策.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">p.s. <span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">作業第一題，目前沒有專業的中譯版，因此翻譯僅供參考.

<p class="MsoNormal">'''<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-font-kerning:0pt">2. <span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-font-kerning: 0pt">推薦與鑑識科技相關app，簡介及其示範 、運用？ ''' <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif""> <p class="MsoNormal"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">施懿娟:

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">    <span style="font-family:標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">手機APP應用程式十分多元，但是鑑識科學應用的我覺得不是說非常多，但也可能是我不太會去將它與鑑識科學連結，能做更好的應用. 有很多跟健康、測量相關的APP，但大多是運動、藥品、心肺功能相關；不過有趣的是有很多跟人體內部構造相關的:例如假解剖、看人體肌肉、骨骼、內臟等構造手術醫療的APP，但我覺得這是在分屍重組相關比較好用所以沒放上來.

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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:標楷體">自行收集的相關資料: <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> 

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體">一、髒彈： <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">( <span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">資料來源： <span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"">http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/2/6/12/n195955.htm<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"">)

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif"">https://www.google.com.tw/search?q=dirty+bomb&espv=210&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=82xhUuzmOsmckAW874HwBA&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=600&dpr=1#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=OSapCIBDy5na9M%3A%3B7o1InniLEFnPwM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcns.miis.edu%252Fstories%252Fimages%252Fdbomb.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcns.miis.edu%252Fstories%252F030113.htm%3B250%3B350

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　【大紀元6月12日訊】近來令美國各界聞之色變的 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">「髒彈」（dirty bomb） <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，有可能即是恐怖份子對美國發動下一波攻擊的利器. 「髒彈」並非核子彈，卻綜合了 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">傳統炸彈與正規核子武器 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的可怕特質，雖然爆炸殺傷威力並不算特別巨大，但是所引爆的心理恐慌與經濟損失，卻可能讓美國再度深陷九一一浩劫的夢魘之中.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　中時電子報12日報導﹐華盛頓智庫「戰略暨國際研究中心」今年三月向政府提交一份研究報告，設想了這樣的狀況：五月一個微風輕吹的晴朗早晨，一枚四千磅的「髒彈」在華府國家航空暨太空博物館外一輛校車上爆炸，當場炸死數百名遊客. 緊急事故處理人員立刻出動，當局下令封鎖周遭街區，關閉雷根國內機場，撤離國會山莊與鄰近政府機構人員，華府遭核彈攻擊的謠言甚囂塵上，全美人心惶惶. 時隔數月之後，華府地區仍是經濟凋敝，行政癱瘓，眾多建築等待清理甚至炸毀.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　「髒彈」之所以「髒」名昭彰，在於它是將 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">高度放射性物質磨成粉末，混入黃色炸藥（TN T）之類的傳統爆炸物中 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，引爆後除了造成 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">立即傷亡與破壞，還會將放射性物質散布到周遭環境，導致範圍龐大、難以清除的污染 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，因此髒彈的正式名稱為「 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">放射性散布裝置 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">」. 髒彈 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不會產生核彈內部的連鎖反應，也沒有一瞬間殺死數萬人的威力，但用來對付人口密集的政經都會，卻是綽綽有餘 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　最令各界憂心的是， <span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">製造髒彈的技術門檻並不高，而且所需放射性物質唾手可得 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，最可能受到恐怖份子青睞的原料包括 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">鈷六○、銫一三七、鍶九○ <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">等，這些物質 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">散見於全美數以千計的醫院、實驗室、工廠，從醫院的放射線治療部門到食品加工廠的消毒殺菌設施，外流或遭竊的案例比比皆是 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">. 至於製造核彈的原料濃縮鈾與鈽，由於來源稀少、監控嚴密，而且相關技術難度極高，取得的機會反而不大.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　核武專家指出，一枚普通大小的髒彈爆炸時，現場死亡人數最多數百人，約與一場嚴重天災或火警相當. 直接死於放射線的人數應該有限，吸收過量輻射的人可能會出現反胃、嘔吐、腹瀉等症狀，也會因骨髓受傷害而導致免疫系統功能下降，罹患癌症機率大增. 白血病的案例在兩年內會大幅攀升，其他癌症病例的增加可能要到十五年後才看得出來.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　至於放射性污染地區的面積大小，則視放射性物質的種類與含量、當地天氣狀況而定，可能只有幾個街區， <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">也可能隨著風向與水流散布到方圓數十哩 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">. <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">善後清理工作可能得耗時數星期或數月，也可能使當地從此淪為廢墟 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">. 麻煩的是，清理工作必須移除放射性粒子，但不能用水洗或風力驅散. 攻擊事件如果發生於華府，波及政府大樓甚至國家級紀念機構， <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">這些建築可能必需完全拆毀 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　約翰霍普金斯大學公共衛生學院的林克斯教授說： <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">「髒彈的真正威脅在於心理層面. 」 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">這正是恐怖活動的目標之一：廣泛散播恐懼與驚慌. 髒彈爆炸之後，居民將急忙逃離受害城市，交通事故層出不窮；經濟活動完全停擺，就算當局宣布完成清理工作，大部份商店仍將遲疑觀望，不敢輕言恢復營業.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　「美國科學家聯合會」主席凱利指出，假設是紐約驚爆，造成的經濟損失將高達數兆美金. 該機構估計，一小塊鈷六○爆炸後就足以污染紐約市一千平方公里的地區，癱瘓整個曼哈頓，並且使當地在數十年內都不適合人類居住，影響之巨可見一斑.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　根據聯邦政府「核子管制委員會」上個月公布的統計資料，過去五年以來， <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">全美各地共有八百卅五具含有放射性物質的裝置不翼而飛 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，未向當局呈報的案例恐怕更多. 放射性物質的威脅性視其種類而定，鈷六○會釋放伽瑪射線，直接穿透人體皮膚殺傷細胞，甚至置人於死地；有些放射性粒子則較為溫和，要直接吸入人體才會造成危害.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　美國政府已採行一系列措施防範髒彈攻擊： <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要求海關人員配備偵測放射線的蓋革計數器；能源部轄下「核子危機支援小組」定期前往各城市搜尋髒彈的蹤跡 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">；訓令地方政府擬訂相關應變計畫. 此外，製造防護裝備、偵測儀器與抗癌藥丸的私人企業，目前訂單應接不暇，生產線全開仍供不應求. 一位髒彈專家感嘆道， <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">髒彈與其說是「大規模毀滅性武器」，不如說是「大規模擾亂性武器」 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:white;mso-font-kerning:0pt">(h

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">趙瑜：

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">     <span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">網路上查到髒彈的資料，專家對此武器表示主要都是「製造恐慌」. 的確，美國出現為數不少的討論，皆針對此武器做評論，尤其是美國人對相關核子武器的恐懼以及九一一事件的反思──如果核子武器在美國重要金融或商業區域爆炸的話，該怎麼辦？此種武器的出現，彷彿重演冷戰時期國際之間的恐慌. 根據資料，這些放射性物質都是極易取得的，其中是否有陰謀論？例如某些反美國家刻意釋放相關內容物予以民眾. 那麼美國的核原料管制是否就變得毫無意義？由此一來，髒彈威脅可能就不只在心理層面了. 以下有美國ＤＲＡＧＯＮＦＩＲＥ事件資訊，他們因而研擬一套縝密的防範措施，然而我相信百密總有一疏，更何況台灣無任何細膩的防範措施！ （問：台灣沒有足夠的鑑識人員，也沒有建立核災的系統性鑑識，想請問老師目前台灣的警備相關系統，究竟有哪一方面是做得比較好的呢？還是都不甚完善？） 

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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:標楷體">二、ＤＲＡＧＯＮＦＩＲＥ 

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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:black">First responders from the Washington, D.C., area take part in an October 2004 training exercise based on a “dirty bomb” scenario. Gauging radiation levels was the first responders’ top priority. (Photo by David Morse, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute)

<p class="MsoNormal">( <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri">資料來源： http://newscenter.nmsu.edu/3717/

<p class="MsoNormal">   http://www.artsandopinion.com/2008_v7_n4/dirtybomb-allison.htm )

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;background:#D9D9D9;mso-shading:white;mso-pattern:gray-15 auto; font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">ＤＲＡＧＯＮＦＩＲＥ

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;background:#D9D9D9;mso-shading:white;mso-pattern:gray-15 auto; font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">THE DIRTY BOMB

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">by   <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;font-weight:normal; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">GRAHAM ALLISON

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"> ____________

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"> Graham Allison is the director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School. He served as Assistant Secretary of Defense for Policy and Plans, and is the author of <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe  (Macmillan, 2004).

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　One month after the terrorist assault on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, on October 11, 2001, President George W. Bush faced a more terrifying prospect. At that morning’s presidential daily intelligence briefing, <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;font-weight:normal; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">George Tenet, the director of central intelligence, informed the president that a CIA agent codenamed “Dragonfire” had reported that Al Qaeda terrorists possessed a 10-kiloton nuclear bomb, evidently stolen from the Russian arsenal <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:red;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">According to Dragonfire, this nuclear weapon was in New York City.

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">The government dispatched a top-secret nuclear emergency support team to the city. Under a cloak of secrecy that excluded even Mayor Rudolph Giuliani, these nuclear ninjas searched for the bomb. On a normal workday, half a million people crowd the area within a half-mile radius of Times Square. A noon detonation in midtown Manhattan would kill them all instantly. Hundreds of thousands of others would die from collapsing buildings, fire and fallout in the hours thereafter. The electromagnetic pulse generated by the blast would fry cell phones and other electronic communication. The wounded would overwhelm hospitals and emergency services. Firemen would fight an uncontrolled ring of fires for days afterward.

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　In the hours that followed, Condoleezza Rice, then national security adviser, analyzed what strategists call the “problem from hell.” <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;font-weight:normal; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> Unlike the Cold War, when the US and the Soviet Union knew that an attack against the other would elicit a retaliatory strike or greater measure, Al Qaeda -– with no return address –- had no such fear of reprisal <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">. Even if the president were prepared to negotiate, Al Qaeda has no phone number to call.

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　Concerned that Al Qaeda could have smuggled a nuclear weapon into Washington as well, the president ordered Vice President Dick Cheney to leave the capital for an “undisclosed location,” where he would remain for weeks to follow –- standard procedure to ensure “continuity of government” in case of a decapitation strike against US political leadership. S <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;font-weight:normal; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">everal hundred federal employees from more than a dozen government agencies joined the vice president at this secret site, the core of an alternative government that would seek to cope in the aftermath of a nuclear explosion that destroyed Washington.

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　Six months earlier the CIA’s Counterterrorism Center had picked up chatter in Al Qaeda channels about an “American Hiroshima.” The CIA knew that Osama bin Laden’s fascination with nuclear weapons went back at least to 1992, when he attempted to buy highly enriched uranium from South Africa. Al Qaeda operatives were alleged to have negotiated with Chechen separatists in Russia to buy a nuclear warhead, which the Chechen warlord Shamil Basayev claimed to have acquired from Russian arsenals. The CIA’s special task force on Al Qaeda had noted the terrorist group’s emphasis on thorough planning, intensive training and repetition of successful tactics. The task force highlighted Al Qaeda’s preference for symbolic targets and spectacular attacks.

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　As CIA analysts examined Dragonfire’s report and compared it with other bits of information, they noted that the September attack on the World Trade Center had set the bar higher for future terrorist attacks. Psychologically, a nuclear attack would stagger the world’s imagination. New York was, in the jargon of national-security experts, “target rich.”

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　 <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;font-weight:normal; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">As it turned out, Dragonfire’s report proved to be a false alarm. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> But the central take <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">　away from the case is this: <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;font-weight:normal; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">The US government had no grounds in science or logic to dismiss this possibility, nor could it do so today.

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　There’s no established methodology for assessing the probability of an unprecedented event that could have such catastrophic consequences. Nonetheless, in “Nuclear Terrorism” I state my considered judgment that if the US and other governments just keep doing what they are doing today, a nuclear terrorist attack in a major city is more likely than not by 2014. <span style="font-family:標楷體;color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">（趙瑜：結果作者的預測沒有成真）

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　Richard Garwin, a designer of the hydrogen bomb whom Enrico Fermi once called, “the only true genius I had ever met,” told Congress in March 2007 that he estimated a “ <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:red;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">20 percent per year probability of a nuclear explosion with American cities and European cities included. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">” My Harvard colleague Matthew Bunn has created a model that estimates the probability of a nuclear terrorist attack over a 10-year period to be 29 percent – identical to the average estimate from a poll of security experts commissioned by Senator Richard Lugar in 2005.

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　Former Secretary of Defense William Perry has expressed his own view that my work may underestimate the risk. Warren Buffet, the world’s most successful investor and legendary odds-maker in pricing insurance policies for unlikely but catastrophic events, concluded that n <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;font-weight:normal; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">uclear terrorism is “inevitable.” As he has stated: “I don’t see any way that it won’t happen.”

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　The good news is that <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> nuclear terrorism is preventable by a feasible, affordable agenda of actions that, if taken, would shrink the risk of nuclear terrorism to nearly zero. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> A global strategy to prevent this ultimate catastrophe can be organized under a Doctrine of Three No’s: No loose nukes, no new nascent nukes, no new nuclear weapons. The first requires securing all nuclear weapons and weapons-usable material, on the fastest possible timetable, to a new <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">“gold standard.” <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> The second <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif";color:red;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> does not allow for any new national capabilities to enrich uranium or reprocess plutonium <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">. The third <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;font-weight:normal; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> draws a line under the current eight and a half nuclear powers – the five members of the Security Council and India, Israel, Pakistan and North Korea – and says unambiguously: “Stop. No More.”

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　The US cannot unilaterally sustain a successful strategy to prevent nuclear terrorism. Nor can the necessary actions simply be commanded, compelled or coerced. Instead, they require <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">deep and steady international cooperation rooted in the recognition that nations share a common threat that requires a common strategy. A Global Alliance Against Nuclear Terrorism is therefore in order. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;font-weight:normal; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> The mission of this alliance should be to <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;font-weight:normal; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">minimize the risk of nuclear terrorism by taking every action physically, technically and diplomatically possible to prevent nuclear weapons or materials from falling into the hands of terrorists.

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　Constructing such an alliance will require the US and other nuclear-weapons states to confront the question of a “fourth no”: no nuclear weapons. While US or Russian possession of nuclear arsenals is not a major driver of Iran’s nuclear ambitions, and while Osama bin Laden would not be less interested in acquiring a nuclear weapon if the US eliminated its current arsenals, the proposition that nuclear weapons are necessary for the security of US and Russia but intolerably dangerous if acquired by Iran or South Africa is difficult to sell to nuclear have-nots. <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;font-weight: normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　The question of a categorical “fourth no” has come to the fore with the January 2007 opinion piece in the   <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Wall Street Journal   <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">by George P. Shultz, William J. Perry, Henry A. Kissinger and Sam Nunn, calling upon the US and other states to act to realize their Non-Proliferation Treaty commitment and President Reagan’s vision of “a world free of nuclear weapons.” Towards that goal, the immediate agenda should be to devalue nuclear weapons and minimize their role in international affairs. This should begin with nuclear- weapons states pledging to the following principles: no new national enrichment, no nuclear tests, no first use of a nuclear bomb and no new nuclear weapons.

<p style="background:#FFF5C0"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　Faced with the possibility of an American Hiroshima, many are paralyzed by a combination of denial and fatalism. This is unwarranted. Through a combination of imagination, <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> a clear agenda for action and fierce determination to pursue it, <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;font-weight:normal; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> the countdown to a nuclear 9/11 can be stopped

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:right 415.3pt"><span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">趙瑜：承上討論，關於美國部會首長先行逃難，此式有兩種解讀角度. 第一，若美國首長先行被炸死，勢必導致國內人心大亂，一切行政程序停擺. 然而我個人偏向相信第二種推論：官員怕死. 事實上，中國歷任朝代皇帝大官，也是以此心態行事的. 看回美國，現在國會停滯，公務員不被支薪，然而除了股市狂跌，富人受到影響外，其餘似乎沒有那麼重大的民生問題，因民生問題早已浮現了. 關於上述提到的防範程序，其實我是存疑的──以台灣而言火災及地震都有一個避難程序，也時常演習，然而災害來臨時，災情往往無法避免. 更何況談到災害發生後避難過程演練在世界各處尚未完整的核災害. 我認為政府需要多一些這種宣導與防範配套措施的意識，這樣也不會有那麼多人瘋狂用電，卻也同時反對建核電廠了.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:right 415.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:標楷體">  

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">三、  Netherlands Forensic  <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">( <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">資料來源：http://nfinuclearforensics.com/)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo17"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">      <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Netherlands Forensic Institute 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">     An international project to improve the forensic analysis of radioactive material and nuclear devices. Rapid attribution of <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> responsibility for any unauthorised release of radioactivity <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> is <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> vital to protecting civilian populations. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> The project, started in 2012, is coordinated by the Netherlands Forensic Institute <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">(NFI) <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo17"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">      <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">First Nuclear Security Summit 2010 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　The Forensics in Nuclear Security Project was set up as a direct result of the First Nuclear Security Summit, held in Washington DC (USA) in 2010 at the initiative of US President Barack Obama. The purpose of this Summit was to bring world leaders together to consider ways of <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">combating the threat of nuclear terrorism and nuclear smuggling <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo17"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">      <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">The Netherlands and nuclear forensics 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　Following the Summit, many countries offered to contribute to an extensive programme of measures. For its part, the <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Netherlands government <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">undertook to conduct a study into the state of nuclear forensics and to make proposals for ways of improving international cooperation in this field <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　The field of forensics in nuclear security is one to which the Netherlands can make a significant contribution, thanks to the forensic expertise that has been developed over many years at the Netherlands Forensic Institute in The Hague. The topic of nuclear smuggling is particularly relevant to the Netherlands’ situation, given the location within its borders of the Port of Rotterdam, the world’s third busiest port, and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, one of Europe’s busiest airline hubs.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo17"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">      <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Presentation of results 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Following preparatory meetings in Buenos Aires (2010) and Vienna (2011), the results of the Dutch study and the proposals based on them were presented in a White Paper at a preliminary meeting in Marrakech in February 2012. They are officially presented by the Dutch prime minister, Mark Rutte, at the Second Nuclear Security Summit in Seoul (South Korea), held on 26-27 March, 2012.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo17"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">      <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Participants 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">The work on Sharing Knowledge involves bringing together the expertise and insight currently present in many national and international organisations. Reflecting this broad scope, besides the NFI, the following organisations have already agreed to play a significant part in the project: <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">YEREVAN. – On January 18, Ambassador John Heffern joined officials from the Armenian Ministry of Energy and National Security Service to open the Armenian Nuclear Forensics Laboratory at the Armenian Nuclear Power Plant (ANPP).

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">The U.S. Department of State’s Preventing Nuclear Smuggling Program (PNSP) partnered with the ANPP to establish a Laboratory for Technical and Forensic Analysis of Nuclear and Radioactive Materials as part of a joint effort to strengthen Armenian capabilities to respond to the transnational threat of nuclear smuggling.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">The laboratory will allow Armenia to collect nuclear and radiologically contaminated evidence at crime scenes and perform technical analysis necessary to support the prosecution of smugglers. New opportunities will arise for Armenia to cooperate with governments investigating illicit uses of nuclear material. Additionally, the facility will advance aspects of the 2010 Nuclear Security Summit work plan discussed at the 2012 summit in the Republic of Korea.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">PNSP is a U.S. Department of State Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Office of Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism (ISN/WMDT) program. PNSP is working globally to counter nuclear smuggling. Improving nuclear forensics best practices and cooperation enables countries to counter nuclear smuggling by furthering their ability to determine material origin and prosecuting smugglers.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"> CASE STUDY 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo17"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">      <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Nuclear Forensics and the <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">North Korean Test 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Harold Smith

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　The power and versatility of nuclear forensics, particularly radio-chemical techniques, could not have been better demonstrated than by its application to the recent underground test in North Korea.[1] <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Some might have thought that all the debris from the explosion would have been contained in the underground cavity <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">. After all, that was the original purpose o <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">f testing underground <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　In fact, any nuclear explosion creates radioactive noble gases, notably <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> xenon and krypton <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">, that <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> do not combine with other elements in the geologic structure. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> Therefore, they can <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> more easily leak to the surface and into the atmosphere <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt"> where they can be detected <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">beyond national boundaries <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">. Because at least two different gases escape, it is possible for radio-chemists to determine if the fissile material was <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red; mso-font-kerning:0pt">plutonium or uranium <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">, which of course is exactly what happened. (Press reports said the material was plutonium.)[2] Unfortunately, <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">the chemists cannot determine much more. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">If there has not been direct venting to the atmosphere, they will not be able to answer the mystery of why Pyongyang’s device seems to have produced such a low nuclear yield, reportedly less than one kiloton, or less than 5 percent of the yield of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　The same would not be true if a nuclear weapon were exploded above ground. Then, the debris would be unfiltered, and much more critical information could be obtained, such as the <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> sophistication of its design and whether there exists a stockpile containing fissile material with similar isotopes. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> The last shoul <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-font-kerning: 0pt">d be a key consideration for North Korea or any other government that might contemplate providing nuclear materials to terrorists.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　Thanks to the inspections associated with implementation of the 1994 Agreed Framework, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and/or the United States may possess the isotopic data of the North Korean plutonium. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> North Korea must be made aware that use of its fissile material can be traced to Pyongyang and that it must anticipate the retribution that would follow if any of its weapons or fissile material should be used by any of its accomplices or customers <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">. Perhaps, this is the time for the Bush administration to speak directly to the North Korean government and make this clear.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　Pyongyang might conclude that President George W. Bush was not making an idle boast when he said October 9 that “the transfer of nuclear weapons or material by North Korea to states or non-state entities would be considered a grave threat to the United States, and we would hold North Korea fully accountable of the consequences of such action” One can hope, therefore, <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> that forensic science combined with strong and credible diplomacy can deter North Korea from passing plutonium to terrorists or to other countries.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:right 415.3pt"><span style="font-family: 標楷體;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">林子訓 <span style="font-family:標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">：

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-para-margin-left:0gd"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">     <span style="font-family:標楷體">國際間最近剛成立了一個新的組織—尼德蘭核鑑識調查局簡稱NFI，核鑑識為最近一兩年內興起的一項新技術，核子武器殺傷力極大，一次就能造成重大傷亡，NFI成立目的為防止恐怖分子運用核子武器，並能在事前就先攔截訊息，事後採集殘留在現場的蛛絲馬跡，追查核武來源，由於是這一兩年內興起的新技術，運用在現實案例並不多，以下只搜尋到了，運用在最近致力於發展核武的國家—北韓，科學家從空氣中採集到了微量元素，證實了北韓進行了地下的核武試爆，並期望能事先預防北韓核武的發射. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:right 415.3pt"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:標楷體">其他: 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly; tab-stops:right 415.3pt"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:標楷體">一、東京地鐵沙林毒氣事件 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly; tab-stops:right 415.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly; tab-stops:right 415.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Reference: <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">維基百科http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%9C%B0%E9%90%B5%E6%B2%99%E6%9E%97%E6%AF%92%E6%B0%A3%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6 <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:right 415.3pt"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:標楷體">心得： 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:right 415.3pt"><span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　此次攻擊為最近一起的化學攻擊，也就是老師上課提到，如果要偵辦此案件，必須帶金絲雀進入地鐵，犯案者為日本的激進真理教徒，其目的原本只是想分散警方對他們的追查，殊不知造成了如此巨大的傷亡，影響了不僅僅是幾個人的傷亡，而是數百起的輕重傷，甚至造成了十三人死亡，縣飯使用了殺傷力極大的沙林毒氣，沙林（Sarin）是一種神經毒氣，能使自主神經系統的交感神經與副交感神經立即失去平衡的毒氣.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:right 415.3pt"><span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　看到資料，實在非常震驚. 生產殺蟲劑的副產品就能造成社會大量恐慌，以及傷亡. 這樣一比較起來，國際間許多異議人士的莫名死亡很容易就可以被解釋. 因為殺人工具的取得實在是太容易了！

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:標楷體; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">二、 <span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:新細明體;mso-font-kerning:0pt">金絲雀 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Verdana;mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:新細明體;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">捷運警察遛鳥！防毒金絲雀上前線 <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:新細明體;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family:新細明體;mso-font-kerning:0pt">記者:秦綾謙（節錄）

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體">http://www.tvbs.com.tw/news/news_list.asp?no=alisa20031212144852

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　金絲雀最近成為捷運警察隊的生力軍. 由於日前捷運雙連站曾經發生不明氣體外洩事件，為了防患未然， <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">捷運警察隊開始飼養對毒氣極為敏感的金絲雀，他們將在捷運站，擔任偵測異常氣體的重責大任 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　捷運警察隊副隊長張福灣：「為了反恐維護旅客的生命安全，捷運警察隊購買了這批鳥，牠的任務是 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">偵測毒化物不明氣體，維護旅客的安全 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">. 」

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　捷運警察戴上防毒面具，還有金絲雀這個最佳的拍檔，毒氣偵測的工作就是這樣在進行的，這是因為兩個月前台北捷運雙連站就曾經發生不明氣體入侵，造成民眾恐慌的事件，所已有了對毒氣相當敏感的金絲雀，就啥米攏不驚！

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　捷運警察隊副隊長張福灣：「因為這個金絲雀牠非常的敏感，只要有不明毒化物的話，牠會馬上死掉，那我們由此可以證明說這邊是有毒氣. 」

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　所以為了照顧這批剛到隊上報到的六隻金絲雀，捷運警察隊的同仁可是細心照料，不但讓牠們三餐吃得飽，還吃的相當好！捷運警察隊副隊長張福灣：「平時都餵食一些小米，一個禮拜我們會餵牠吃一次小白菜，公鳥我們會餵一些蛋黃. 」

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">　　有消防鳥之稱的金絲雀，不但嬌小可愛，還能保護民眾免於毒氣的威脅，所以捷運警察隊計畫陸續添購，讓每一站都配置一隻，而隊上愛鳥的員警，更準備在 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt">開春後為鳥兒配對，繁衍下一代的捷運金絲雀 <span style="font-family:"新細明體","serif";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:right 415.3pt"><span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">心得：

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:right 415.3pt"><span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　此為老師上課所提到地鐵如果有不明氣體外洩的時候，最好攜帶金絲雀進入犯罪現場， 在台灣我們也可以將此運用在捷運上 ，如果在地下室毒氣不易擴散開來往往將造成慘重的傷害，所以站務人員常常帶著金絲雀巡邏，如果有不明氣體，甚至毒氣的話，金絲雀會比我們更先察覺到，而開始焦躁不安，金絲雀的肺活量比我們小，所以他們會比我們更先察覺到異樣.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:right 415.3pt"><span style="font-family: 標楷體;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">　　設想恐怖攻擊發生在台灣，又發生在人潮眾多的捷運站，想請問老師， 警備處對於台灣捷運站的恐怖攻擊方面是否有相關防範措施？

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:right 415.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:標楷體">